Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor

Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15

Rendering based on PDB 2O0O.
Identifiers
Symbols TNFSF15; MGC129934; MGC129935; TL1; TL1A; VEGI; VEGI192A
External IDs OMIM: 604052 MGI: 2180140 HomoloGene: 3755 GeneCards: TNFSF15 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 9966 326623
Ensembl ENSG00000181634 ENSMUSG00000050395
UniProt O95150 n/a
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001204344.1 NM_177371.3
RefSeq (protein) NP_001191273.1 NP_796345.3
Location (UCSC) Chr 9:
117.55 – 117.57 Mb		 Chr 4:
63.39 – 63.41 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is an anti-angiogenic[1] protein. It belongs to tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, where it is member 15. TNFSF15 is the human gene for it.[2]

Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 and decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. An additional isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript variant has been reported but the sequence of this transcript has not been determined.[2]

References

  1. ^ Hoffmann, R., Valencia, A. A gene network for navigating the literature. Nature Genetics 36, 664 (2004)
  2. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TNFSF15 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9966. 

Further reading

  • Rubinstein MH (1977). "A new granulation method for compressed tablets [proceedings]". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 28 Suppl: 67P. PMID 12345. 
  • Tan KB, Harrop J, Reddy M et al. (1998). "Characterization of a novel TNF-like ligand and recently described TNF ligand and TNF receptor superfamily genes and their constitutive and inducible expression in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells". Gene 204 (1–2): 35–46. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00509-X. PMID 9434163. 
  • Zhai Y, Ni J, Jiang GW et al. (1999). "VEGI, a novel cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor family, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses the growth of colon carcinomas in vivo". FASEB J. 13 (1): 181–9. PMID 9872942. 
  • Yue TL, Ni J, Romanic AM et al. (1999). "TL1, a novel tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine, induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. Involvement of activation of stress protein kinases (stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) and caspase-3-like protease". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (3): 1479–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.3.1479. PMID 9880523. 
  • Haridas V, Shrivastava A, Su J et al. (2000). "VEGI, a new member of the TNF family activates nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and modulates cell growth". Oncogene 18 (47): 6496–504. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203059. PMID 10597252. 
  • Yu J, Tian S, Metheny-Barlow L et al. (2002). "Modulation of endothelial cell growth arrest and apoptosis by vascular endothelial growth inhibitor". Circ. Res. 89 (12): 1161–7. doi:10.1161/hh2401.101909. PMID 11739281. 
  • Migone TS, Zhang J, Luo X et al. (2002). "TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator". Immunity 16 (3): 479–92. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00283-2. PMID 11911831. 
  • Chew LJ, Pan H, Yu J et al. (2002). "A novel secreted splice variant of vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor". FASEB J. 16 (7): 742–4. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0757fje. PMID 11923219. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
  • Wen L, Zhuang L, Luo X, Wei P (2003). "TL1A-induced NF-kappaB activation and c-IAP2 production prevent DR3-mediated apoptosis in TF-1 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (40): 39251–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305833200. PMID 12882979. 
  • Bamias G, Martin C, Marini M et al. (2004). "Expression, localization, and functional activity of TL1A, a novel Th1-polarizing cytokine in inflammatory bowel disease". J. Immunol. 171 (9): 4868–74. PMID 14568967. 
  • Prehn JL, Mehdizadeh S, Landers CJ et al. (2004). "Potential role for TL1A, the new TNF-family member and potent costimulator of IFN-gamma, in mucosal inflammation". Clin. Immunol. 112 (1): 66–77. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.02.007. PMID 15207783. 
  • Kang YJ, Kim WJ, Bae HU et al. (2005). "Involvement of TL1A and DR3 in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in atherogenesis". Cytokine 29 (5): 229–35. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2004.12.001. PMID 15760679. 
  • Hou W, Medynski D, Wu S et al. (2006). "VEGI-192, a new isoform of TNFSF15, specifically eliminates tumor vascular endothelial cells and suppresses tumor growth". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (15): 5595–602. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0384. PMID 16061878. 
  • Yamazaki K, McGovern D, Ragoussis J et al. (2006). "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFSF15 confer susceptibility to Crohn's disease". Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 (22): 3499–506. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi379. PMID 16221758. 
  • Yao JJ, Zhang M, Miao XH et al. (2006). "Isoform of vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor (VEGI72-251) increases interleukin-2 production by activation of T lymphocytes". Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) 38 (4): 249–53. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00155.x. PMID 16604264. 
  • Prehn JL, Thomas LS, Landers CJ et al. (2007). "The T cell costimulator TL1A is induced by FcgammaR signaling in human monocytes and dendritic cells". J. Immunol. 178 (7): 4033–8. PMID 17371957. 
  • Cassatella MA, Pereira-da-Silva G, da Silva GP et al. (2007). "Soluble TNF-like cytokine (TL1A) production by immune complexes stimulated monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis". J. Immunol. 178 (11): 7325–33. PMID 17513783. 
  • Jin T, Guo F, Kim S et al. (2007). "X-ray crystal structure of TNF ligand family member TL1A at 2.1A". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 364 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.097. PMID 17935696.